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Jaco Pastorius in concert at, in 1986Background informationBirth nameJohn Francis Anthony Pastorius IIIBornDecember 1, 1951 ( 1951-12-01),DiedSeptember 21, 1987 (aged 35),Occupations,Years active1964–1987,Associated acts, Word Of MouthWebsiteNotable instrumentsJohn Francis Anthony 'Jaco' Pastorius III (December 1, 1951 – September 21, 1987) was an and widely acknowledged for his skills as an electric bass player.His playing style was noteworthy for containing intricate solos in the higher register. His innovations also included the use of and the 'singing' quality of his melodies on. Pastorius suffered from and, and was diagnosed with in 1982. He died in 1987 at age 35 following a violent altercation at a Fort Lauderdale drinking establishment.Jaco was inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame in 1988, one of only four bassists to be so honored (and the only electric bassist).

He is regarded as one of the most influential bass players of all time. Contents.Early life and educationJohn Francis Pastorius III was born December 1, 1951 in, to Jack Pastorius (big band singer/drummer) and Stephanie Katherine Haapala Pastorius, the first of their three children. Jaco was of Finnish, German, Swedish and Irish ancestry.Shortly after his birth, his family moved to, (near ). Pastorius went to elementary and middle school at St. Clement's Catholic School in, and he was an at the adjoining church.

In his years at St. Clement's, the art he was most known for was drawing. citation neededPastorius formed his first band named The Sonics along with and Dean Noel. He went to high school at in. He was a talented athlete with skills in football, basketball, and baseball, and he picked up music at an early age. He took the name 'Anthony' at his.He loved basketball and often watched it with his father.

Pastorius' nickname was influenced by his love of sports and also by the. He changed the spelling from 'Jocko' to 'Jaco' after the pianist Alex Darqui sent him a note. Darqui, who was French, assumed the name was spelled 'Jaco'; Pastorius liked the new spelling. Jaco had a second nickname, given to him by his younger brother Gregory: ', after the wild young boy in 's classic. Gregory gave him the nickname in reference to Jaco's seemingly endless energy as a child.

Jaco would later establish his as Mowgli Music. In 1973, he was an instructor at the 's famed. Music career. Pastorius November 27, 1977 Toronto, Photo: Jean-Luc OurlinJaco started out on drums, following in the footsteps of his father Jack.

He injured his wrist playing football at age 13 and took up the electric bass, his first instrument costing $15 from a local pawn shop. The damage to his wrist was severe enough to warrant corrective surgery and ultimately inhibited Jaco's ability to play drums. In 1966, he took over bass duties in his band, Las Olas Brass, being replaced as drummer by Rich Franks.Jaco bought an around 1968-69 as he started to appreciate jazz.

The cost of an upright bass was prohibitive, and difficulties in maintenance of the instrument, which Pastorius attributed to the humidity of his Florida home, coupled with his shift in focus to music, led to him becoming disenchanted with it. Following the development of a crack in the body, Jaco finally traded the instrument for a 1960.Jaco's first real break came when he secured the bass chair with He also played on various local R&B and jazz records during that time such as, and Woodchuck. In 1974, he began playing with his friend and future famous jazz guitarist,.

They recorded together, first with as leader and on drums, then with drummer. Metheny and Jaco recorded a trio album with on the, entitled. Debut albumIn 1975, Pastorius was introduced to drummer, who had been given the green light by CBS records to find 'new talent' for their jazz division.

Pastorius' first album, produced by Colomby was the (1976), a breakthrough album for the electric bass. Many consider this to be the finest bass album ever recorded; when it exploded onto the jazz scene it was widely praised by critics. The album also boasted a lineup of heavyweights in the jazz community at the time—essentially a stellar backup band—including, and among others.

Even legendary singers reunited to appear on the track 'Come On, Come Over'. Weather Report. Pastorius, Convocation Hall, TorontoNov.

27, 1977 Photo: Jean-Luc OurlinAround the time of his solo album, he ran into keyboardist in, where his band, was playing. According to Zawinul, Pastorius walked up to him after a concert one night and talked about the performance and said that it was all right but that he had expected more. citation needed He then went on to tell Zawinul that he was the greatest bass player in the world.

An unamused Zawinul told him to 'get the fuck outta his sight.' According to Milkowski's book, on that same evening, Jaco persisted and, according to Zawinul, reminded Zawinul of himself when he was a 'brash young man' in 's band, which made Zawinul admire the young bassist.

Zawinul asked for a demo tape from Pastorius, and thus began a series of correspondence between the two.Pastorius entered Weather Report during the recording sessions for, and he became a vital part of the band both by virtue of the unique qualities of his bass playing, his skills as a composer and his exuberant showmanship on stage. His stage act and melodic, propulsive solos brought Weather Report a large new African-American audience; before his arrival the band had mostly pulled in white college fans. citation needed. Guest appearances on albumsPastorius guested on many albums by other artists, as for example in 1976 with of fame, on, which also featured,. Other recordings included 's album, and a solo album by which were also standouts, both released in 1976. Soon after that, bass player gave notice that he would be leaving to start his own band. Zawinul invited Pastorius to join the band, where he played alongside Joe and until 1983.

During his time with Weather Report, Pastorius made his indelible mark on jazz music, notably by being featured on one of the most popular jazz albums of all time, the -. Not only did this album showcase Jaco's stunning bass playing and songwriting, but he also received a co-producing credit with and even played drums on his self-composed 'Teen Town.' During the course of his musical career, Pastorius played on dozens of recording sessions for other musicians, both in and out of jazz circles. Some of his most notable are four highly regarded albums with acclaimed singer-songwriter: (1976), (1977), (1979) and the live album (1980). His influence was most dominant on, and many of the songs on that album seem to be composed using the bass as a melodic source of inspiration.Near the end of his career, he guested on low-key releases by jazz artists such as guitarist, guitarist, and drummer Brian Melvin.

In 1985, he recorded an instructional video, hosted by bass legend. ProjectsBy the time he and parted ways in early 1981, Jaco began pursuing his interest in creating a solo project named Word of Mouth, one that found its debut aurally on his second solo release,. This 1981 album also boasted guest appearances by several distinguished jazz musicians:, Weather Report alumni and, harmonica virtuoso. The album allowed Pastorius' songwriting to take some of the spotlight from his bass performance.

It also showcased his production skills and ultimately, his ability to bring together a project that was recorded on both coasts of the, as well as in Belgium where he recorded Thielemans.On his 30th birthday, December 1, 1981, he threw a party at a club in Fort Lauderdale, flew in some of the greats mentioned above, as well as Don Alias, Michael Brecker, and more. The event was recorded by his friend and engineer Peter Yianilos, who intended it as a birthday gift. After Jaco's passing Weather Report claimed the recordings as theirs and released it as the 'The Birthday Concert'.He toured in 1982; a swing through was the highlight, and it was at this time that bizarre tales of Jaco's deteriorating behavior first surfaced.

He shaved his head, painted his face black and threw his bass into Hiroshima Bay at one point. That tour was released in Japan as Twins I and Twins II and was condensed for an American release which was known as Invitation.In 1982, he recorded a third solo album, which made it as far as some unpolished demo tapes, a -tinged release entitled Holiday for Pans, which once again showcased him as a composer and producer rather than a performer. Jaco did not play any of the bass parts on this album. He could not find a distributor for the album and the album was never released; however, it has since been widely. In 2003, a cut from Holiday for Pans, entitled 'Good Morning Anya', was included on ' anthology Punk Jazz. Behavior and health problemsJaco suffered from, otherwise known as 'manic depression'.

This condition, along with alcohol abuse, resulted in a deterioration in his health from the early 1980s that severely restricted his ability to function as a musician and in society more generally.Jaco showed numerous symptoms of the illness long before his initial diagnosis, although they were insufficiently extreme to have been recognized at the time as mental illness, being regarded instead as eccentricities or character flaws. The illness in its earlier stages is likely to have contributed to his success as a musician., the cyclical peaks in mood that distinguish Bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, has long been associated with enhanced creativity. It was recognised (retrospectively) by friends and family that these peaks played an essential role in Jaco's urge to create music.In his early career, Jaco avoided both alcohol and drugs, but he became increasingly involved in alcohol and other substance abuses during his time with Weather Report. Bipolar disorder and psychoactive substance abuse disorders have a highly prevalent comorbidity, with a mutually detrimental inter-relationship.

Alcohol abuse ultimately exacerbated Jaco's illness, leading to increasingly erratic and sometimes anti-social behavior.One night before a gig, Joe Zawinul offered Jaco a drink to loosen him up. Pastorius had never drank before due to his father's own, but after two drinks, Zawinul said he got 'strange. He started throwing things. I knew right away I had made a mistake.' Zawinul later denied responsibility for Jaco's drinking, saying, 'I gave Jaco a drink one time. If one drink does it, you're a goner anyhow - believe me.' Pastorius's drinking grew more out of control in the ensuing years, with Zawinul so furious during a Japanese tour in 1980 he was ready to fire Jaco.

citation needed He called bassist, but he wasn't available. Before a replacement was found, Jaco showed up at Zawinul's door apologizing profusely, and Joe once again forgave him.

citation neededJaco was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in late 1982 following the tour of Japan in which his erratic behavior became an increasing source of concern for his band members. Drummer 's father, Dr Fred Erskine, suggested that Jaco was showing signs of the illness and, on his return from the tour, Jaco's wife, Ingrid, had Jaco committed to hospital under the, where he received the diagnosis and was prescribed to stabilize his moods.By 1986, Jaco's health had further deteriorated.

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He had been evicted from his New York apartment and had begun living on the streets. In July 1986, following intervention by his brother Gregory and ex-wife Ingrid, Jaco was admitted to in New York, where he was prescribed in preference to Lithium. He moved back to Fort Lauderdale in December of that year, again living on the streets for weeks at a time. DeathAfter sneaking onstage at a concert September 11, 1987, he was ejected from the premises, and he made his way to the Midnight Bottle Club in. After reportedly kicking in a glass door after being refused entrance to the club, he was engaged in a violent confrontation with the club, Luc Havan. Pastorius was hospitalized for multiple facial fractures and damage to his right eye and right arm, and had sustained irreversible.

citation needed He fell into a and was put on.There were initially encouraging signs that he would come out of his coma and recover, but a massive brain a few days later pointed to. Pastorius died on September 21, 1987, aged 35, at in.In the wake of Pastorius' death, Havan was charged with but later pled guilty to. Because of having no priors and with time served while waiting for the verdict, he was sentenced to 22 months in jail and five years probation. He was released after four months in jail for good behavior. Pastorius was buried at Our Lady Queen of Heaven Cemetery in North Lauderdale.

Honors and tributeshonored the late bassist on his album with the composition 'Mr. Pastorius', as Jaco was an inspiration to Marcus Miller. Also honored Jaco on his album on the track 'Bass Tribute', thanking Pastorius several times. Wooten and Steve Bailey's Bass Extremes includes the tracks 'Glorius Pastorius', 'Portrait of Tracy,' and also a tribute to Jaco's interpretation of Charlie Parker's ' titled 'Madonna Lee'. The also honored Jaco on their album with the track 'Jaco'. This song was not specifically written for Pastorius.

Metheny wrote the song and then realized that the main melody sounded a lot like Pastorius' 'Come On, Come Over', and subsequently decided to name the tune for Pastorius. citation needed Bass player recorded a Pastorius tribute album entitled 'Jaco,' which includes his interpretations of 'Come On, Come Over,' 'The Chicken,' 'Portrait of Tracy,' and more.also honored Jaco on his album Industrial Zen with the song 'For Jaco'. English keyboard player includes a track titled 'Pastorius Mentioned' on his 1979 Album Moving Home. The song 'Big Country', by, contains the opening lick from Jaco's 'Continuum'., the original bass player and founding member of, cites Pastorius as one of his main influences. 'With his sense of rhythm, melody and use of harmonics, Jaco pushed the envelope and transformed the way the electric bass guitar was played.'

On December 2, 2007, the day after what would have been Pastorius' 56th birthday, a concert called 'A Tribute to Jaco Pastorius' was held at in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, featuring performances by the award-winning Jaco Pastorius Big Band with special guest appearances by, Jaco's sons John and Julius Pastorius, Jaco's daughter Mary Pastorius, Bobby Thomas, Jr., and Dana Paul. Also shown were exclusive home movies and rare concert footage as well as video appearances by, and other luminaries from Jaco's life. Almost 20 years after Jaco's death, Fender released the Jaco Pastorius Jazz Bass, a fretless instrument from its Artist Series.On December 1, 2008, on what would have been Jaco's 57th birthday, the park in new downtown redevelopment was formally named 'Jaco Pastorius Park' in honour of its former resident. AwardsApart from his career in the jazz fusion band, Jaco had two nominations for his self-titled debut album. He won the readers poll for induction into the Jazz Hall of Fame in 1988, one of only four bassists to be so honored (the others being, and ), and the only electric bassist to receive this distinction.

Playing style. Technique Problems listening to this file? See media help.The 'Jaco growl' is obtained by using the bridge pickup exclusively, and plucking the strings right above the bridge pickup. Pastorius used natural and false to extend the range of the bass (exemplified in the bass solo composition from his eponymous album) and could achieve a horn-like tone through his playing technique. His playing techniques earned him accolades both from the critics and his audiences. He used finger-style playing exclusively, and was not seen using the slap and pop method that dominated the R&B charts. citation needed.

Equipment BassesPastorius was most identified by his use of two well-worn from the early 1960s: A 1960 fretted, and a 1962 fretless. The fretless, known by Jaco as the 'Bass of Doom', was originally a fretted bass that had the frets removed. Jaco claimed to have removed the frets himself but later said he had bought it with the frets already removed. Jaco finished the fretboard with marine (Petit's Poly-poxy) to protect the wood from the roundwound strings he was using. Even though he played both the fretted and the fretless basses frequently, he preferred the fretless, because he felt frets were a hindrance, once calling them 'speed bumps'. However, he said in the instructional video that he never practiced with the fretless because the strings 'chew the neck up.' Both of his Fender basses were stolen shortly before he entered in 1986.

In 1993, one of the basses resurfaced in a New York City music shop, with the distinctive letter P written between the two pickups. In 2008, the 1962 fretless 'Bass of Doom' also turned up in good condition in New York. Amplification, effects, and stringsJaco used the 'Variamp' EQ (equalization) controls on his two (made by the of Van Nuys, California) to boost the midrange frequencies, thus accentuating the natural growling tone of his fretless passive Fender Jazz Bass and roundwound string combination. His tone was also colored by the use of a rackmount digital delay unit that fed a second Acoustic amp rig.He often used cabinets during the final three years of his life because of their characteristic aluminum speaker cones (as opposed to paper speaker cones).

These gave his tone a bright, clear sound. He typically used the delay in a -like mode, providing a shimmering stereo doubling effect. He would often use the fuzz control built in on the Acoustic 361.

For the bass solo 'Slang' on the 8:30 album, Jaco used the MXR digital delay to layer and a chordal figure and then he soloed over it. Jaco used strings. Biography controversyIn 1995, jazz author Bill Milkowski published Jaco: The Extraordinary And Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius. The book was written primarily from Milkowski's first hand experiences with Jaco when he lived in New York between 1984 and 1987, when Jaco's health had deteriorated. This was supplemented with interviews with friends and family, as well as musicians and industry insiders.Jaco's second wife Ingrid has complained that the book treated Jaco with a lack of sensitivity, and has listed a number of contextual inaccuracies on her website. Guitarist, who was a close friend before Jaco joined Weather Report, wrote in the liner notes of the reissue of Jaco's first album that Milkowski's book was 'a horribly inaccurate, botched biography'.The softcover edition of Jaco: The Extraordinary And Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius amended a paragraph concerning an occasion in which Jaco had introduced a female friend to Milkowski as his daughter.

A new 2005 edition has made further changes. Selected Discography. From Wikiquote( - – -) was a jazz bassist andcomposer remembered for his style and technique on. Sourced.

I had an upright — it took me years and years to get enoughbread to get it. I'm from Florida, so one morning I woke up, goin the corner and the bass is in a hundred pieces, cause thehumidity is so bad, I mean, the upright just blew up. I said forgetit, man, I can't afford this any more. So I went out, got a knifeand took all the frets out of my Fender. That was it. Quoted in Michelle Norris, NPR: All Things Considered ( -)ModernElectric Bass, Jaco Pastorius (1985).

Give me a gig!. I was playing drums, and I had broken my wrist very bad playingfootball, and the bass player in the band. He wanted to split. SoI just went to the bass; I went from Drums over to Bass. I was playing the bass within a week. On how he switched from drums to bass.

I took the frets out of my bass after I was getting into jazz alot and I wanted to have that upright sound. On why he played a fretless bass. I never practiced a fretless ever, because the strings eat theneck up. So I would only play it on gigs.Externallinks.

Whoa, hold on to your feathers! If you want energy and excitement and a funky groove, then check out Kris Berg's chart, The Chicken.

The legendary electric bassist Jaco Pastorius recorded this powerhouse tune and arranger Kris Berg has adapted it for the Jazz Band Series. If you have a strong electric bass player, then you have found yourself a showstopper with this arrangement. The tenor sax solo (written solo provided), the optional guitar solo, and the solo bass line will showcase your soloists. Your ensemble will totally devour The Chicken.

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Guaranteed to pluck the audience right out of their seats!